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Treatment of ADHD in Adults Adults with adhd are treated by medication, therapy, and family support. Clinical trials are available to test the effectiveness of new treatments for ADHD. Adults with ADHD are more likely to benefit from stimulant drugs. They need to be monitored regularly. This means monthly appointments with a doctor and regular review of symptoms. Medicines Many medications can be used to treat the symptoms of ADHD among adults. They are known as psychostimulants and they work by changing the levels of certain chemicals in your brain (neurotransmitters) which transmit messages between nerve cells. Your doctor will recommend the right medication for you and will decide the best dose and schedule to take it. It may take some time to determine the proper dosage and medication that will control your symptoms. Stimulants are often the first prescription medication doctors recommend for adults with ADHD. These drugs increase the amount of dopamine that is present in your brain and norepinephrine, which helps you to control your thoughts and improve your focus. These medications are available in short-, medium-and long-acting forms. Short-acting stimulants can last for 6 hours. Intermediate-acting medicines last for 8-10 hours. Long-acting stimulants last from 8 to 16. untreated adhd in adults -acting stimulants are less likely cause adverse effects than intermediate or shorter-acting medicines. However, they can still cause sleepiness and change in appetite. Non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine (Strattera), are used to treat adults with ADHD when stimulants don't perform or cause unwanted side effects. These medications don't affect your dopamine or norepinephrine levels however they do increase the brain's supply of norepinephrine, which improves your ability to concentrate. These medications are available in capsules and are taken either twice or three times a day. Many people with ADHD also suffer from other mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. These disorders are referred to as comorbidities and can affect your response to ADHD treatment. Before beginning treatment for ADHD it is important to address any comorbidities. For instance, people who have a history of substance use disorder may be more likely to misuse psychostimulants. It's best to wait until a person has stopped using drugs before taking them on with stimulants. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is a process that involves talking and discussing topics that are troubling or disturbing to the person. The therapist listens to the person and provides guidance based on his or his or her training, education as well as experience professional credentials and therapeutic philosophical philosophies. Psychotherapy can be short-term (a couple of weeks or months) or addressing more immediate issues, or longer-term. The therapist and patient determine the length and frequency of treatment. The use of psychotherapy and drugs together is an extremely effective treatment for adults with ADHD. Behavioral therapy can help individuals improve their time management, organizational skills, and prioritizing. It can also teach methods to manage emotions, such as anger and frustration. Medication can reduce symptoms and increase focus, which leads to more productive and effective work and academic performance. Adults suffering from ADHD have a higher likelihood of having co-existing disorders. This is especially applicable to mood disorders like anxiety and depression. It is essential that any co-existing disorders be treated before beginning treatment for ADHD. Treatment of co-existing disorders may require different types and dosages of medication than those used to treat ADHD. A person who suffers from ADHD may also suffer from hypertension. Finding a medication that can treat the ADHD symptoms but doesn't alter the patient's hypertension that is controlled requires understanding how different medications affect people over time, as well as an understanding of the interactions between various medications. It is essential to choose a therapist with experience treating adults with ADHD and with whom you are comfortable. It's also important to arrange your initial sessions in a time when you're not distracted by family responsibilities or work obligations. Counseling Adults with ADHD have many difficulties in their lives, including problems in their relationships and at work. They also may experience anger, blame, and frustration that have built up in their lives because of their symptoms. Psychosocial treatments can aid patients and their families to develop new abilities, attitudes, and ways of relating. Psychotherapy can include cognitive behavior therapy, a type of psychotherapy that aids individuals to change their behavior and thinking. It includes goal-setting, skill training and practice, and teaching strategies to improve organization and self-esteem. It can be carried out in individual or group sessions. Metacognitive therapy has been shown to significantly reduce symptoms among adults with ADHD and improve their functioning (Stevenson and colleagues., 2002). Some people with ADHD might also require counseling to help them overcome particular life issues. These difficulties could include family conflicts, aggressive or impulsive behaviors, and difficulty coping with failures and disappointments. Counseling can help you develop the techniques to deal with these situations and enhance the ability to communicate and solve problems. It can also enhance interpersonal relationships, particularly in marriages or other long-term relationships. Other forms of psychotherapy for ADHD are family therapy and supportive group therapy. These therapies can assist families in coping and develop skills to lessen conflict and improve communication when dealing with children who have ADHD. It can also assist parents to understand the disorder and develop parenting strategies that encourage positive outcomes for their children. It is essential for people suffering from ADHD to discuss their medications with their health care providers regularly, and to reveal all other medications they're taking, including over-the-counter drugs. Some medications can cause adverse effects or interact with other medications. Medication Monitoring After a thorough examination and diagnosis, it is important to monitor the patient's condition to ensure that he/she reaps the benefits of the medication and does not experience side negative effects. It is recommended that a patient be seen for an initial medical check-up within 30 days of starting treatment and then every month following that. This allows for an accurate titration of psychostimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamines to a safe, effective dose. This allows accurate registration of the patient's reaction and helps to avoid keeping a sensitive patient on insufficient doses. Adults who do not respond well to stimulant medication or have side effects that are intolerable could benefit from non-stimulant medications. Typically this involves the use of atomoxetine or other related alternatives to methylphenidate. Adults suffering from ADHD are frequently affected by comorbid conditions, such as depression or substance abuse. In addition, they may experience chronic sleep disorders or medical problems such as hearing and vision disorders. It is essential to identify and analyze these conditions as part of the initial assessment for ADHD because they could have a significant effects on functional impairment in adults. Marital therapy can also be beneficial in the treatment of ADHD. Spouses report feeling overburdened with the caretaking duties of their spouses suffering from ADHD and may become resentful or angry due to this. increasing the awareness of the patient about the symptoms of his/her condition and helping them understand that these are not willful actions or a lack of affection can help reduce marital tensions and resentment. Couples who undergo this type of therapy are more likely to have better functioning families. Behavioral Therapy For those who suffer from ADHD, psychotherapy is generally recommended and should include a cognitive-behavioral component. Behavioral therapy can help patients to improve their ability to organize their lives and focus and control their the impulsive behavior. It helps patients learn to manage their social, work and home life more effectively. Psychotherapy helps patients understand how their condition affects different areas of their lives and relationships. This helps reduce the stigma and feelings of shame that are commonly seen in people suffering from ADHD. They might be perceived by others as lazy or inexperienced. ADHD symptoms can be mimicked by many psychiatric disorders. For example anxiety disorders are seen at high rates in adults ADHD patients and depression is observed at higher levels in people suffering from the disorder. If it is necessary the presence of other psychiatric disorders should be evaluated to determine whether ADHD symptoms are a result of them. A combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is generally recommended for treatment of ADHD in adults. It has been shown that when a combination of medications and psychotherapy is utilized results are more favorable than the results of either treatment alone. Future controlled studies will aim to monitor and evaluate the effects of functional improvement, like improvement in school performance or at work, as well as interpersonal relations.